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 The resolution seeks to prohibit Trump from undertaking additional military actions   in Venezuela without approval from Congress.

The U.S. Capitol building in Washington on Jan. 6, 2026.

WASHINGTON—The Senate will vote on Jan. 8 on a resolution to prohibit the U.S. military from acting further in Venezuela without congressional approval.

“The question of whether United States forces should be engaged in hostilities within or against Venezuela should be answered following a full briefing to Congress and the American public of the issues at stake, a public debate in Congress, and a congressional vote as contemplated by the Constitution,” reads the resolution introduced by Sen. Tim Kaine (D-Va.) and co-sponsored by Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.).

The resolution would prohibit President Donald Trump from undertaking additional military actions in Venezuela without approval from Congress, directing him to “terminate the use of United States Armed Forces for hostilities within or against Venezuela, unless explicitly authorized by a declaration of war or specific authorization for use of military force.”

The resolution is privileged in line with the War Powers Act, meaning that Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.) cannot block it from reaching the floor.

It’s the fourth attempt at passing such a law during Trump’s second term. Congress also failed to overcome vetoes of similar resolutions twice in Trump’s first term; once in 2019 to end U.S. involvement in Yemen and once in 2020 to limit the president’s actions in Iran.

Former Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro was captured by U.S. forces in the capital of Caracas during an early-morning raid on Jan. 3 and brought to New York.

In the operation—during which Maduro’s wife, Cilia Flores, was also apprehended—some U.S. service members received minor injuries, while at least 24 Venezuelan security officers and 32 Cuban officers were killed.

Maduro and Flores are now facing drug and weapons charges in a New York federal court.

However, in the halls of Capitol Hill, lawmakers are split on how to view the engagement.

Republicans have largely expressed favorable attitudes toward the action, describing its function as being largely law enforcement rather than military-related. Democrats have been more critical, rejecting Republicans’ arguments that the operation was a law enforcement operation.

Meanwhile, U.S. adversaries in the Western Hemisphere, such as Cuba and Colombia, as well as Venezuela’s allies in the Eastern Hemisphere, including Russia and China, have criticized the move.

Nevertheless, Trump has declined to rule out the possibility of a second military strike within Venezuela, saying that such an action is a possibility if the acting leaders “don’t behave.”

Here’s what to know.

Uphill Battle

The odds are stacked against the resolution, which would need to pass both chambers of Congress and receive Trump’s signature to become law.

All Democrats, in addition to Paul, are expected to vote for the bill, which is known as a war powers resolution.

With Republicans currently controlling 53 seats in the upper chamber, three Republican defections on the vote would be needed for the measure to pass.

Three Republican senators—Sens. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), a longtime moderate in the Senate, Susan Collins (R-Maine), who’s facing a tough reelection campaign in Maine, and Josh Hawley (R-Mo.), a longtime critic of U.S. foreign entanglements—have been pegged as potential defectors who could back the Democratic resolution.

Otherwise, Republican lawmakers and even some Democrats, such as Sen. John Fetterman (D-Pa.), have largely expressed support for the U.S. operation.

Were it to pass the Senate, an identical draft of the bill would need to be passed by the House and then signed into law by Trump. Congress would need to override a veto with a two-thirds vote.

If the resolution fails, there will be “many more such resolutions,” Kaine told reporters.

War Powers Resolution

The resolution prohibiting Trump from continuing military involvement in Venezuela is authorized under the War Powers Act of 1973, a bill passed as U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War was winding down that was designed to prevent future conflicts of the sort.

The bill requires the president to notify Congress of any military action involving a commitment of troops within 48 hours. It also limits the duration of any such activities to 60 days without explicit congressional approval, such as through the passage of an Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF).

Such an AUMF was passed ahead of the U.S. War on Terror, ultimately serving as the basis for extended U.S. military activity in more than 20 countries.

Though Trump notified Congress of the strike in line with requirements under the War Powers Act, the administration has argued that the limitations are largely non-applicable in this case.

Instead, Trump, House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.), and other officials have said that the action constituted law enforcement activity and was not a formal military action.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio has repeatedly reiterated that the United States is “not at war” with Venezuela.

Senators Weigh In

Speaking to The Epoch Times ahead of the vote, senators gave reactions that were largely along party lines.

“If it is framed as President Trump cannot take further action without authorization, that’s a yes,” Sen. Chris Coons (D-Del.) told The Epoch Times when asked how he’ll vote.

Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-Mo.) told The Epoch Times that he will vote against the resolution, citing that capturing Maduro was “a law enforcement action.”

Sen. James Lankford (R-Okla.) also said he'd vote against the resolution, suggesting that any criticisms of the action were irrelevant to the current situation.

“The hard part is to deal with the reality that we have, not the reality we want,” Lankford told The Epoch Times. “So at this point, we put as much leverage as we can to be able to protect the rights of individuals, to be able to have free elections in the future, [and] not to have chaos in the whole region.”

Paul said that he believes the operation “is an act of war,” rejecting the administration’s claims that the operation constitutes law enforcement activity.

“I will vote for the war powers resolution because I think that invading a nation, invading a nation’s capital, bombing a nation’s capital, and removing the leader of another nation is an act of war,” he said in response to a question from The Epoch Times.

“This was planned out over a several-month period. And I think that the Constitution, our Founding Fathers, were very clear that war should not be initiated without the approval of Congress.”

Kaine agreed, arguing during a press conference co-attended by Paul: “This is not the surgical execution of an arrest warrant. It was much bigger than that before last Saturday, and it’s going to be much bigger than that from now for the next few years, if you listen to the administration. So this is something that should happen.”